20
Ca
Calcium
40.0784
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-70-2
CID Number
CID5460341
DOT Number
1855
Mendeleev Number
7
Pettifor Number
16
Space Group Number
225
Glawe Number
16
Mass
Atomic Mass
40.0784 Da
Uncertainty
0.004
Periodic Position
X Position
2
Y Position
4
Period
4
Group
2
Classification
Block
s
Category
Alkaline Earth Metal
Geochemical
Major
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Abundance
Urban Soil
53.8 mg/kg
Seawater
0.00041 kg/L
Sun
0.064 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.042 g
Human Body
1.4 %
Solar System
0.061 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
1.1 %
Color
Jmol
#3DFF00
Molcas Gv
#3DFF00
CPK
#808090
Atomic Radius
Empirical
180
Calculated
194
Van Der Waals
231
Batsanov
240
Rahm
270
Uff
339.9
Mm3
281
Alvarez
262
Bragg
170
Truhlar
231
Covalent (Single Bound)
174
Covalent (Triple Bound)
133
Covalent (Cordero)
176
Covalent (Pyykko)
171
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
147
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
133
Mendeleev
174
C12
197
Metallic
197
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
1115 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
1115 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
1115 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
1115 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
1757 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
1757 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
1757 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
1757 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
1760 °K
Density
STP
1.55 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
1550 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
1540 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
1550 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
1378 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
26.2 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
29.9 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
9.2 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
8.54 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
8.54 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
8.54 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
153.6 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
154.7 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
155 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
153 kJ/mol
Combustion
-990 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
25.929 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.653 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
25.929 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
25.9 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
25.3 J/gK
Thermal Expansion
0.0000223 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
3810 m/s
Electrical Resistance
80k
6.5 nΩm
273k
31.1 nΩm
293k
33.6 nΩm
298k
34.2 nΩm
300k
34.5 nΩm
500k
60 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
paramanyetic
Susceptibility
1.4e-8 m3/kg
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
7.4 GPa
Bulk Modulus
17 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.31 ν
Youngs Modulus
20 GPa
Hardness
Mohs
1.75
Brinell
170
Etymology
Description
It is a soft gray metal element belonging to the second group of the periodic table. It is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of thorium, zirconium and uranium. It is important for living organisms.
Language Of Origin
Greek/Latin
Origin Of Word
From the Latin word calx, meaning lime
Meaning
haliki (χάλιξ) means "pebble" and calx means "lime".
Symbol Origin
Latince calx
Etymological Description
From the Latin word calx, meaning "lime". Calcium has been known since the first century, when the ancient Romans produced lime as calcium oxide.
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
H. Crowds
Observed/Discovery Year
1808
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
H. Crowds
Isolated Sample Year
1808
Production & Use
Sources
It is obtained from minerals such as chalk, limestone and marble. The pure metal state is obtained by replacing the calcium in lime (calcium carbon, CaCO3) with aluminum in hot retorts at low pressure.
Uses
It is used by many life forms to develop shells and bones. The pure metal form has almost no use, but the calcium compounds lime (CaO) and gypsum (CaSO4) are in extremely high demand in many industrial areas.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.00037
Neutron Cross Section
0.43
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (eV)
0.02455
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
2.37
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1
Electron Affinity (allen)
6.113
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.1154119
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
160.8
Uncertainty
4
C6 GB
2230
C6 Coefficient
2163
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
5.58
Constant
558.84, 558.84, 558.84
Strucutre
FCC
Angles
p/2, p/2, p/2
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
1,2
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Quantum Number
1S0
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Ar] 4s2
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
8
Shells-3
2
Ionization Energies-0
589.8
Ionization Energies-1
1145.4
Ionization Energies-2
4912.4
Ionization Energies-3
6491
Ionization Energies-4
8153
Ionization Energies-5
10496
Ionization Energies-6
12270
Ionization Energies-7
14206
Ionization Energies-8
18191
Ionization Energies-9
20385
Ionization Energies-10
57110
Ionization Energies-11
63410
Ionization Energies-12
70110
Ionization Energies-13
78890
Ionization Energies-14
86310
Ionization Energies-15
94000
Ionization Energies-16
104900
Ionization Energies-17
111711
Ionization Energies-18
494850
Ionization Energies-19
527762
List of Compounds
1-10 of 96 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Ca | calcium calcium metal |
| CaB6 | calcium hexaboride |
| CaBr2 | calcium bromide calcium bromide dihydrate calcium dibromide |
| CaC2 | calcium carbide acetylenogen calcium acetylide |
| CaCl2 | calcium chloride calcium dichloride |
| CaF2 | calcium fluoride acid-spar calcium difluoride fluorspar irtran 3 liparite met-spar fluorspar calcium fluoride mineral fluor |
| CaH2 | calcium hydride calcium dihydride |
| CaI2 | calcium iodide calcium diiodide calcium iodideanhydrous yokaron |
| CaO | lime burnt lime calcia calcium monoxide calcium oxideketocalcium oxocalcium quicklime |
| CaO2 | calcium peroxide calcium dioxide peroxidocalcium |
