28

Ni

Nickel

58.69344

Basic Information

Name

Nickel

Atomic Number

28

Appearance

Somewhat golden, shiny, metallic and silver

Phase At STP

Solid

Spectrum Image

Spectrum image of Nickel

Source

Wikipedia

Bohr Model

Static

A 2D model of Nickel

Interactive

Descriptive Numbers

CAS Number

7440-02-0

CID Number

CID935

DOT Number

3089

RTECS Number

RTECSQR5950000

Mendeleev Number

67

Pettifor Number

67

Space Group Number

225

Glawe Number

69

Mass

Atomic Mass

58.69344 Da

Uncertainty

0.0004

Periodic Position

X Position

10

Y Position

4

Period

4

Group

10

Classification

Block

d

Category

Transition Metal

Geochemical

First Series Transition Metal

Goldschmidt

Siderophile

Electrical Type

Conductive

Abundance

Urban Soil

0.033 mg/kg

Seawater

5.6e-10 kg/L

Sun

0.05 mole ratio to silicon

Earth Crust

0.000084 g

Solar System

0.05 mole ratio to silicon

Meteorites

1.3 %

Color

Jmol

#50D050

Molcas Gv

#50D050

CPK

#A52A2A

Atomic Radius

Empirical

135

Calculated

149

Van Der Waals

163

Batsanov

200

Rahm

229

Uff

283.4

Mm3

222

Alvarez

240

Bragg

135

Covalent (Single Bound)

121

Covalent (Triple Bound)

101

Covalent (Cordero)

124

Covalent (Pyykko)

110

Covalent (Pyykko Double)

101

Covalent (Pyykko Triple)

101

Mendeleev

115

C12

124

Metallic

124

Temperature

Melting/Freeze (USE)

1728 °K

Melting/Freeze (WEL)

1728 °K

Melting/Freeze (CRC)

1728 °K

Melting/Freeze (LNG)

1726 °K

Boiling/Density (USE)

3003 °K

Boiling/Density (WEL)

3186 °K

Boiling/Density (CRC)

3186 °K

Boiling/Density (LNG)

3157 °K

Boiling/Density (Zhang)

3003 °K

Curie Point

631 Tc

Density

STP

8.908 kg/cm³

Solid (WEL)

8908 kg/cm³

Solid (CRC)

8900 kg/cm³

Solid (LNG)

8908 kg/cm³

Liquid (CR2)

7810 kg/cm³

Heat

Molar Volume

6.59 cm³/mol

Atomic Volume

6.6 cm³

Heat Of Fusion USE

17.61 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion CRC

17.04 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion LNG

17.48 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion WEL

17.2 kJ/mol

Evaporation USE

378.6 kJ/mol

Evaporation LNG

377.5 kJ/mol

Evaporation WEL

378 kJ/mol

Evaporation Zhang

379 kJ/mol

Molar Heat

26.07 J/molK

Heat Capacity USE

0.443 J/gK

Heat Capacity CRC

26.07 J/gK

Heat Capacity LNG

26.1 J/gK

Heat Capacity WEL

26.1 J/gK

Thermal Conductivity

90.9 W/m*K

Thermal Expansion

0.0000134 1/K

Adiabatic Index

N/A

Speed of Sound

Longitudinal

6040 m/s

Transversal

3000 m/s

Extensional

4900 m/s

Electrical Resistance

80k

5.45 nΩm

273k

61.6 nΩm

293k

69.3 nΩm

298k

71.2 nΩm

300k

72 nΩm

500k

177 nΩm

Magnetic Properties

Order

From Ferromany

Elasticity

Shear Modulus

76 GPa

Bulk Modulus

180 GPa

Poisson Ratio

0.31 ν

Youngs Modulus

200 GPa

Hardness

Mohs

4

Brinell

667–1600

Vickers

638

Etymology

Description

It is a malleable, ductile and silvery transition element. In 1751 A.F. It was discovered by Cronstedt.

Language Of Origin

Swedish via German

Origin Of Word

From the Swedish word kopparnickel, which contains the German word Nickel

Meaning

copper colored ore

Symbol Origin

descriptive

Etymological Description

It comes from the Swedish word kopparnickel, meaning "copper-colored ore", referring to the niccolite ore from which it is obtained.

Discovery & Isolation

Observed/Predicted By

F. Cronstedt

Observed/Discovery Year

1751

Discovery Location

Sweden

Isolated Sample By

F. Cronstedt

Isolated Sample Year

1751

Production & Use

Sources

It is abundant in pentlandite ore. The ore is heated in a blast furnace to replace sulfur with oxygen. The oxides are then chemically treated with an acid that reacts with iron. The acid in question does not react with nickel.

Uses

Since it is resistant to abrasion, it is used in electroplating and metal alloys. It is also used in nickel-cadmium batteries and as a catalyst in coins.

Radioactivity

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

Stable

Neutron Mass Absorption

0.0026

Neutron Cross Section

37.2

Electron Affinity

Proton Affinity

737

Electron Affinity (eV)

1.156

Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

111.65

Electron Affinity (pauling)

1.91

Electron Affinity (allen)

11.13

Electron Affinity (ghosh)

0.1472068

Dipole Polarity

Accepted

49

Uncertainty

3

C6 GB

393

C6 Coefficient

373

Lattice

Constant Internal Default Radius

3.52

Constant

352.4, 352.4, 352.4

Strucutre

FCC

Angles

p/2, p/2, p/2

Electron & Quantum

Oxidation States

−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8

Quantum Number

3 F 4

Electron Configuration Semantic

[Ar] 3d8 4s2

Shells-0

2

Shells-1

8

Shells-2

16

Shells-3

2

Ionization Energies-0

737.1

Ionization Energies-1

1753

Ionization Energies-2

3395

Ionization Energies-3

5300

Ionization Energies-4

7339

Ionization Energies-5

10400

Ionization Energies-6

12800

Ionization Energies-7

15600

Ionization Energies-8

18600

Ionization Energies-9

21670

Ionization Energies-10

30970

Ionization Energies-11

34000

Ionization Energies-12

37100

Ionization Energies-13

41500

Ionization Energies-14

44800

Ionization Energies-15

48100

Ionization Energies-16

55101

Ionization Energies-17

58570

Ionization Energies-18

148700

Ionization Energies-19

159000

Ionization Energies-20

169400

Ionization Energies-21

182700

Ionization Energies-22

194000

Ionization Energies-23

205600

Ionization Energies-24

221400

Ionization Energies-25

231490

Ionization Energies-26

992718

Ionization Energies-27

1039668

List of Compounds

1-10 of 99 compounds

FormulaNames
Ninickel

nickel metal

AlNi

aluminum-nickel catalyst

aluminum; nickel

AsNi

nickel arsenide

Ni2Bnickel boride

dinickel boride

NiBr2

nickel bromide

dibromonickel

nickel(2+) bromide

nickel dibromide

nickel(II) bromide

nickelous bromide

NiBr2·xH2O

nickel(II)bromide hydrate

dibromonickel

NiCl2

nickel(II) chloride

dichloronickel

NiF2

nickel(II) fluoride

difluoronickel

nickel difluoride

nickelous fluoride

NiI2

nickel iodide

diiodonickel

nickel(2+) iodide

nickel diiodide

nickel(II) iodide

NiO

nickel monoxide

black nickel oxide

ketonickel

mononickel oxide

nickel(II) oxide

nickelous oxide

oxonickel

...


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