94
Pu
Plutonium
244
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Name
Plutonium
Atomic Number
94
Appearance
Silvery white, flecked with dark gray in air
Phase At STP
Solid
Spectrum Image
Source
WikipediaBohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-07-05
CID Number
CID23940
Mendeleev Number
24
Pettifor Number
43
Eu Number
Joa 1-117-7
Space Group Number
11
Glawe Number
38
Mass
Atomic Mass
244 Da
Periodic Position
X Position
9
Y Position
9
Period
7
Group
N/A
Classification
Block
f
Category
Actinides
Goldschmidt
Synthetic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Color
Jmol
#006BFF
Molcas Gv
#006BFF
CPK
#FFFFFF
Atomic Radius
Empirical
175
Rahm
278
Uff
342.4
Mm3
252
Alvarez
281
Covalent (Cordero)
187
Covalent (Pyykko)
172
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
135
Metallic
159
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
912.5 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
912.5 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
913 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
912.5 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
3505 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
3503 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
3501 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
3503 °K
Density
STP
19.816 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
19816 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
19700 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
19816 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
16630 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
12.29 cm³/mol
Heat Of Fusion USE
2.8 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
2.82 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
2.82 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
343.5 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
417.1 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
420 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
35.5 J/molK
Heat Capacity LNG
35.5 J/gK
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
2260 m/s
Electrical Resistance
273k
1460 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
paramanyetic
Susceptibility
3.2e-8 m3/kg
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
43 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.21 ν
Youngs Modulus
96 GPa
Etymology
Description
It is a dense, silvery, radioactive metal element found among the actinides. Pu-244 is its most stable isotope with a half-life of 7.6*10^7 years. There are 13 known isotopes. The most important is Pu-239, which is important for nuclear weapons and reactors because it can fission with slow neutrons. Plutonium production is controlled in grams to prevent misuse in the military field. It was first published in 1940 by Glen T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, J.W. Kennedy and A.C. Obtained by Wahl.
Language Of Origin
Greek via Latin
Origin Of Word
From the dwarf planet Pluto in the solar system (thought to be the ninth planet at the time the element was found)
Meaning
god of wealth
Symbol Origin
astrological, mythological
Etymological Description
It was named after the dwarf Pluto because it was discovered just after Neptunium and is higher than uranium in the periodic table, similar to the order of the planets. The name of the planet comes from Pluto, the god of the underworld in Greek mythology. In Greek, the word ploutōn is related to ploutos, meaning "wealth".
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur C. Wahl, W. Kennedy ve E.M. McMillan
Observed/Discovery Year
1940–1942
Isolated Sample By
Glenn T. Seaborg
Production & Use
Sources
It is rarely found in some uranium ores. It is obtained by bombarding uranium with neutrons.
Uses
It is used in bombs and reactors. It is used in small amounts in thermo-electric generators.
Radioactivity
Half Life
7.93×10^7 years
Lifetime
1.14×10^8 years
Decay Mode
Alpha Six
Neutron Cross Section
1.7
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
-48.33
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.28
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.16137
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
132
Uncertainty
20
Lattice
Strucutre
MCL
Angles
π/2, 1.776571, π/2
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f6
Quantum Number
7 F0
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
18
Shells-3
32
Shells-4
24
Shells-5
8
Shells-6
2
Ionization Energies-0
584.7
List of Compounds
1-10 of 11 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Pu | plutonium plutonium metal |
| F3Pu | plutonium(III) fluoride |
| F4Pu | plutonium(IV) fluoride |
| PuBr3 | plutonium(III) bromide |
| PuCl3 | plutonium(III) chloride |
| PuF6 | plutonium(VI) fluoride |
| PuI3 | plutonium(III) iodide |
| PuN | plutonium nitride |
| PuO | plutonium(II) oxide |
| PuO2 | plutonium(IV) oxide |
