5
B
Boron
10.81
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Name
Boron
Atomic Number
5
Allotropes
Alpha Rhombohedral Boron, Beta Rhombohedral Boron, Alpha Tetragonal Boron
Appearance
Black-brown
Phase At STP
Solid
Spectrum Image
Source
WikipediaBohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-42-8
CID Number
CID5462311
RTECS Number
RTECSED7350000
Mendeleev Number
81
Pettifor Number
86
Space Group Number
166
Glawe Number
86
Mass
Atomic Mass
10.81 Da
Periodic Position
X Position
13
Y Position
2
Period
2
Group
13
Classification
Block
p
Category
Metalloid
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Insulator
Abundance
Urban Soil
0.045 mg/kg
Seawater
0.0000044 kg/L
Sun
0.000011 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.00001 g
Solar System
0.000021 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.00016 %
Color
Jmol
#FFB5B5
Molcas Gv
#FFB5B5
CPK
#00FF00
Atomic Radius
Empirical
85
Calculated
87
Van Der Waals
192
Batsanov
180
Rahm
205
Dreiding
402
Uff
408.3
Mm3
215
Alvarez
191
Truhlar
192
Covalent (Single Bound)
82
Covalent (Triple Bound)
73
Covalent (Cordero)
84
Covalent (Pyykko)
85
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
78
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
73
Mendeleev
80
C12
98
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
2349 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
2349 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
2348 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
2349 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
4200 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
4200 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
4273 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
4137 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
4203 °K
Density
STP
2.08 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
2460 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
2340 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
2340 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
2080 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
4.39 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
4.6 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
23.6 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
50.2 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
50.2 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
50 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
504.5 kJ/mol
Evaporation CRC
480 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
480 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
507 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
508 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
11.087 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
1.025 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
11.087 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
11.1 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
11.1 J/gK
Thermal Conductivity
27.4 W/m*K
Thermal Expansion
0.000006 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
16200 m/s
Electrical Resistance
293k
1.5×(10^13) nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
-8.7e-9 m3/kg
Elasticity
Bulk Modulus
185 GPa
Hardness
Mohs
9.3-9.5
Vickers
4900-5800
Etymology
Description
It is an element in the 13th group of the periodic table. It has two allotropes. Amorphous boron is a brown powder while metallic boron is black. Its metal state is hard (9.3 on the Mohs scale) and a poor conductor at room temperature. It is never found freely in nature. Boron-10 is used in nuclear reactor control rods and armor. In 1808 Sir Humprhy Davy, J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. It was discovered by Thenard.
Language Of Origin
Arabic, Medieval Latin, Anglo-Norman, Medieval English, Medieval French
Origin Of Word
Borax's mineral content
Symbol Origin
from Arabic to Latin borax
Etymological Description
From the Arabic word buraq, meaning borax. It probably derives from the Persian word burah. Later, medieval Latin baurach evolved into Anglo-Norman boreis and Medieval English boras, which is the source of the English word "boron".
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard
Observed/Discovery Year
1808
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
H. Crowds
Isolated Sample Year
1808
Production & Use
Sources
It is obtained from kernite, a type of borax. High purity boron is produced by electrolysis of molten potassium fluoroborate and potassium chloride.
Uses
It is used with titanium and tungsten to make heat-resistant alloys required in jets and rockets.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
2.4
Neutron Cross Section
755
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (eV)
0.279723
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
26.989
Electron Affinity (pauling)
2.04
Electron Affinity (allen)
12.13
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.184886
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
20.5
Uncertainty
0.1
C6 GB
99.2
C6 Coefficient
99.5
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
8.73
Constant
506, 506, 506
Strucutre
TET
Angles
1.01334, 1.01334, 1.01334
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
−5,−1,0,1,2,3
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p1
Quantum Number
2b1/a
Electron Configuration Semantic
[He] 2s2 2p1
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
3
Ionization Energies-0
800.6
Ionization Energies-1
2427.1
Ionization Energies-2
3659.7
Ionization Energies-3
25025.8
Ionization Energies-4
32826.7
List of Compounds
1-10 of 100 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| B | boron |
| AlB2 | aluminum diboride |
| AlB12 | aluminum dodecaboride |
| BAs | boron arsenide |
| BBr3 | boron tribromide boron bromide boron(III) bromide magadi soda tribromoborane |
| BCl3 | boron trichloride boron chloride trichloroborane |
| CrB | chromium boride boranylidynechromium chromium(III) boride chromium monoboride |
| BF3 | boron trifluoride boron fluoride boron fluoride (1:3) trifluoroborane |
| BI3 | boron triiodide boron iodide triiodoborane triiodoboron |
| BN | boron nitride azanylidyneborane borazonboron mononitride elbor elboron nitridoborane nitriloborane |
