24

Cr

Chromium

51.99616

Basic Information

Name

Chromium

Atomic Number

24

Appearance

Silvery metallic

Phase At STP

Solid

Spectrum Image

Spectrum image of Chromium

Source

Wikipedia

Bohr Model

Static

A 2D model of Chromium

Interactive

Descriptive Numbers

CAS Number

7440-47-3

CID Number

CID23976

DOT Number

3089

RTECS Number

RTECSGB4200000

Mendeleev Number

51

Pettifor Number

57

Space Group Number

229

Glawe Number

55

Mass

Atomic Mass

51.99616 Da

Uncertainty

0.0006

Periodic Position

X Position

6

Y Position

4

Period

4

Group

6

Classification

Block

d

Category

Transition Metal

Geochemical

First Series Transition Metal

Goldschmidt

Lithophilic

Electrical Type

Conductive

Abundance

Urban Soil

0.08 mg/kg

Seawater

3e-10 kg/L

Sun

0.013 mole ratio to silicon

Earth Crust

0.0001 g

Human Body

0.000003 %

Solar System

0.013 mole ratio to silicon

Meteorites

0.3 %

Color

Jmol

#8A99C7

Molcas Gv

#8A99C7

CPK

#808090

Atomic Radius

Empirical

140

Calculated

166

Batsanov

205

Rahm

233

Uff

302.3

Mm3

225

Alvarez

245

Bragg

140

Covalent (Single Bound)

127

Covalent (Triple Bound)

103

Covalent (Cordero)

139

Covalent (Pyykko)

122

Covalent (Pyykko Double)

111

Covalent (Pyykko Triple)

103

Mendeleev

119

C12

128

Metallic

128

Temperature

Melting/Freeze (USE)

2180 °K

Melting/Freeze (WEL)

2180 °K

Melting/Freeze (CRC)

2180 °K

Melting/Freeze (LNG)

2180 °K

Boiling/Density (USE)

2944 °K

Boiling/Density (WEL)

2944 °K

Boiling/Density (CRC)

2944 °K

Boiling/Density (Zhang)

2755 °K

Autoignition Point

673 °K

Density

STP

7.19 kg/cm³

Solid (WEL)

7140 kg/cm³

Solid (CRC)

7150 kg/cm³

Solid (LNG)

7150 kg/cm³

Liquid (CR2)

6300 kg/cm³

Heat

Molar Volume

7.23 cm³/mol

Atomic Volume

7.23 cm³

Heat Of Fusion USE

21 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion CRC

21 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion LNG

21 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion WEL

20.5 kJ/mol

Evaporation USE

342 kJ/mol

Evaporation LNG

339.5 kJ/mol

Evaporation WEL

339 kJ/mol

Evaporation Zhang

347 kJ/mol

Molar Heat

23.35 J/molK

Heat Capacity USE

0.488 J/gK

Heat Capacity CRC

23.35 J/gK

Heat Capacity LNG

23.43 J/gK

Heat Capacity WEL

23.3 J/gK

Thermal Conductivity

93.9 W/m*K

Thermal Expansion

0.0000049 1/K

Adiabatic Index

N/A

Speed of Sound

Longitudinal

6608 m/s

Transversal

4005 m/s

Extensional

5940 m/s

Electrical Resistance

273k

118 nΩm

293k

125 nΩm

298k

126 nΩm

300k

127 nΩm

500k

201 nΩm

Magnetic Properties

Order

Antiferromagnetic

Neel Point

393 Tn

Susceptibility

4.5e-8 m3/kg

Elasticity

Shear Modulus

115 GPa

Bulk Modulus

160 GPa

Poisson Ratio

0.21 ν

Youngs Modulus

279 GPa

Hardness

Mohs

8.5

Brinell

687-6500

Vickers

1060

Etymology

Description

It is a hard silvery transition element. It is used in electroplating for decorative purposes. It was discovered by Vauquelin in 1797.

Language Of Origin

Greek via French

Origin Of Word

From the Greek word chroma, meaning "color"

Meaning

colour

Symbol Origin

descriptive (color): Greek chroma

Etymological Description

From the Greek word chróma, meaning "color", due to compounds with many colors. This word was adapted from the French chrome, with the -ium suffix forming the English chromium.

Discovery & Isolation

Observed/Predicted By

N. Vauquelin

Observed/Discovery Year

1794

Discovery Location

France

Isolated Sample By

N. Vauquelin

Isolated Sample Year

1797

Production & Use

Sources

Chromite [Fe,Mg(CrO4)] is the most important mineral. Its commercial production is made by heating its ore in an environment containing silicon and aluminum.

Uses

It is used in making stainless steel. It gives color to emeralds and rubies. Various ratios of iron-nickel-chromium alloys provide an incredible variety of the most important metals in modern technology.

Radioactivity

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

Stable

Neutron Mass Absorption

0.0021

Neutron Cross Section

3.1

Electron Affinity

Proton Affinity

791.3

Electron Affinity (eV)

0.666

Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

65.21

Electron Affinity (pauling)

1.66

Electron Affinity (allen)

9.77

Electron Affinity (ghosh)

0.1313053

Dipole Polarity

Accepted

83

Uncertainty

12

C6 GB

709

C6 Coefficient

602

Lattice

Constant Internal Default Radius

2.88

Constant

291, 291, 291

Strucutre

BCC

Angles

p/2, p/2, p/2

Electron & Quantum

Oxidation States

−4,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5

Quantum Number

Disappointed

Electron Configuration Semantic

[ar] 3d5 4s1

Shells-0

2

Shells-1

8

Shells-2

13

Shells-3

1

Ionization Energies-0

652.9

Ionization Energies-1

1590.6

Ionization Energies-2

2987

Ionization Energies-3

4743

Ionization Energies-4

6702

Ionization Energies-5

8744.9

Ionization Energies-6

15455

Ionization Energies-7

17820

Ionization Energies-8

20190

Ionization Energies-9

23580

Ionization Energies-10

26130

Ionization Energies-11

28750

Ionization Energies-12

34230

Ionization Energies-13

37066

Ionization Energies-14

97510

Ionization Energies-15

105800

Ionization Energies-16

114300

Ionization Energies-17

125300

Ionization Energies-18

134700

Ionization Energies-19

144300

Ionization Energies-20

157700

Ionization Energies-21

166090

Ionization Energies-22

721870

Ionization Energies-23

761733

List of Compounds

1-10 of 100 compounds

FormulaNames
Crchromium

chromium metal

CrB

chromium boride

boranylidynechromium

chromium(III) boride

chromium monoboride

CrB2

chromium diboride

chromium boride

diboranylidynechromium

Br3Cr

chromium tribromide

chromic bromide

chromium bromide

chromium(III) bromide

Cr3C2chromium carbide

chromium(+2) cation; methanidylidynechromium

chromous methanidylidynechromium

CrCl2

chromous chloride

chromium chloride

chromium dichloride

chromium(II) chloride

dichlorochromium

CrCl3

chromic chloride

chromic chloride anhydrous

chromium(III) chloride

chromium trichloride

trichlorochromium

Cl4Cr

chromium(IV) chloride

CrBr2

chromium(II) bromide

CrF2

chromium(II) fluoride

chromium difluoride

chromium fluoride

chromous fluoride

difluorochromium

...


logo
Report a bugHow to contributeOpen source project
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

2024 © Gervin Fung