Pt | Copper

Basic Information

Name

Copper

Alternative Name

Copper

Atomic Number

Appearance

Red-orange metallic glitter

Phase At STP

Solid

Spectrum Image

Source

Wikipedia

Bohr Model

Static

Interactive

Descriptive Numbers

CAS Number

7440-50-8

CID Number

CID23978

DOT Number

3089

RTECS Number

RTECSGL5325000

Mendeleev Number

Pettifor Number

Space Group Number

225

Glawe Number

Mass

Atomic Mass

63.5463 Da

Uncertainty

0.003

Periodic Position

X Position

Y Position

Period

Group

Classification

Block

Abundance

Urban Soil

0.039 mg/kg

Seawater

2.5e-10 kg/L

Sun

0.00045 mole ratio to silicon

Earth Crust

0.00006 g

Solar System

0.00052 mole ratio to silicon

Meteorites

0.011 %

Color

Jmol

#C88033

Molcas Gv

#C88033

CPK

#A52A2A

Atomic Radius

Empirical

135

Calculated

145

Van Der Waals

140

Batsanov

200

Rahm

217

Uff

349.5

Mm3

226

Alvarez

238

Bragg

137

Covalent (Single Bound)

138

Covalent (Triple Bound)

120

Covalent (Cordero)

132

Covalent (Pyykko)

112

Covalent (Pyykko Double)

115

Covalent (Pyykko Triple)

120

Mendeleev

118

C12

128

Metallic

128

Temperature

Melting/Freeze (USE)

1357.77 °K

Melting/Freeze (WEL)

1357.77 °K

Melting/Freeze (CRC)

1357.62 °K

Melting/Freeze (LNG)

1357.62 °K

Boiling/Density (USE)

2835 °K

Boiling/Density (WEL)

3200 °K

Boiling/Density (CRC)

2835 °K

Boiling/Density (LNG)

2834.5 °K

Boiling/Density (Zhang)

2868 °K

Density

STP

8.96 kg/cm³

Solid (WEL)

8920 kg/cm³

Solid (CRC)

8960 kg/cm³

Solid (LNG)

8960 kg/cm³

Liquid (CR2)

8020 kg/cm³

Heat

Molar Volume

7.11 cm³/mol

Atomic Volume

7.1 cm³

Heat Of Fusion USE

13.01 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion CRC

12.93 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion LNG

13.26 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion WEL

13.1 kJ/mol

Evaporation USE

304.6 kJ/mol

Evaporation LNG

300.4 kJ/mol

Evaporation WEL

300 kJ/mol

Evaporation Zhang

305 kJ/mol

Molar Heat

24.44 J/molK

Heat Capacity USE

0.385 J/gK

Heat Capacity CRC

24.44 J/gK

Heat Capacity LNG

24.44 J/gK

Heat Capacity WEL

24.43 J/gK

Thermal Conductivity

401 W/m*K

Thermal Expansion

0.0000165 1/K

Adiabatic Index

N/A

Speed of Sound

Longitudinal

4760 m/s

Transversal

2325 m/s

Extensional

3810 m/s

Electrical Resistance

80k

2.15 nΩm

273k

15.43 nΩm

293k

16.78 nΩm

298k

17.12 nΩm

300k

17.25 nΩm

500k

30.9 nΩm

Magnetic Properties

Order

Diamagnetic

Susceptibility

-1.1e-9 m3/kg

Elasticity

Shear Modulus

48 GPa

Bulk Modulus

140 GPa

Poisson Ratio

0.34 ν

Youngs Modulus

130 GPa

Hardness

Mohs

Brinell

235–878

Vickers

343–369

Etymology

Description

It is a red-brown transition element. It was called "cuprum" by the Romans. It has been extracted and used for thousands of years. In addition to being malleable and ductile, it is an excellent conductor of electricity. In humid conditions, a greenish layer forms on the outside.

Language Of Origin

Greek (?) via Latin, West Germanic, Old and Medieval English

Origin Of Word

From the English word (cuprum in Latin)

Meaning

Cypriot, of Cypriot origin

Symbol Origin

place name: Latin cuprum

Etymological Description

It probably comes from the Greek word Kyprios for Cyprus, derived from Latin cuprum, West Germanic *kupar, Old English coper/copor, and Medieval English coper. During the Roman Empire, the Latin name for the element was aes cyprium. "Aes" was a general term for copper alloys such as bronze. Cyprium also means "Cyprus" or "Cypriot origin". Because a large amount of it was mined on this island. It was simplified to cuprum and eventually "anglicized" as copper. (Old English coper/copor)

Discovery & Isolation

Observed/Predicted By

Middle East

Observed/Discovery Year

9000 BC

Isolated Sample By

Anadolu

Isolated Sample Year

6000 BC

Production & Use

Sources

Pure copper is rarely found in nature. It is generally found in sulphides as well as in oxides such as chalcoprite (CuFeS2), chalcocite (Cu2S), covellite (CuS) or cuprite (Cu2O).

Uses

It is most commonly used as an electrical conductor. Copper is also used in the production of water pipes. Its alloys are used to make jewelry and coins.

Radioactivity

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

Stable

Neutron Mass Absorption

0.0021

Neutron Cross Section

3.78

Electron Affinity

Proton Affinity

655.3

Electron Affinity (eV)

1.235

Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

119.235

Electron Affinity (pauling)

1.9

Electron Affinity (allen)

10.96

Electron Affinity (ghosh)

0.1511716

Dipole Polarity

Accepted

46.5

Uncertainty

0.5

C6 GB

264

C6 Coefficient

253

Lattice

Constant Internal Default Radius

3.61

Constant

361.49, 361.49, 361.49

Strucutre

FCC

Angles

p/2, p/2, p/2

Electron & Quantum

Oxidation States

−2,0,1,2,3,4

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10

Quantum Number

2S1/2

Electron Configuration Semantic

[Ar] 3d10 4s1

Shells-0

Shells-1

Shells-2

Shells-3

Ionization Energies-0

745.5

Ionization Energies-1

1957.9

Ionization Energies-2

3555

Ionization Energies-3

5536

Ionization Energies-4

7700

Ionization Energies-5

9900

Ionization Energies-6

13400

Ionization Energies-7

16000

Ionization Energies-8

19200

Ionization Energies-9

22400

Ionization Energies-10

25600

Ionization Energies-11

35600

Ionization Energies-12

38700

Ionization Energies-13

42000

Ionization Energies-14

46700

Ionization Energies-15

50200

Ionization Energies-16

53700

Ionization Energies-17

61100

Ionization Energies-18

64702

Ionization Energies-19

163700

Ionization Energies-20

174100

Ionization Energies-21

184900

Ionization Energies-22

198800

Ionization Energies-23

210500

Ionization Energies-24

222700

Ionization Energies-25

239100

Ionization Energies-26

249660

Ionization Energies-27

1067358

Ionization Energies-28

1116105

List of Compounds

1-10 of 96 compounds

Rows per page:

Formula	Names
Cu	copper copper metal
CuBr	copper(I) bromide bromocopper copper(1+) bromide copper bromide (cubr) copper monobromide cuprous bromide
CuBr2	cupric bromide copper bromide copper dibromide copper(II) bromide copper(II) dibromide dibromocopper
CuCl	cuprous chloride chlorocopper copper chloride copper(I) chloride copper monochloride
CuCl2	copper(II)chloride cupric chloride dichlorocopper
CuC2	copper(II) acetylide
CuF	copper(I) fluoride
CuF2	cupric fluoride copper difluoride copper fluoride copper(II) fluoride difluorocopper
CuH	copper(I) hydride
CuI	cuprous iodide copper(+1) cation iodide copper(I) iodide copper iodide copper monoiodide hydro-giene

...

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