Basic Information
Name
Fluorine
Atomic Number
9
Gas Phase
Diatomic
Allotropes
difluoride
Refractive Index
1.000195
Phase At STP
Gas
Spectrum Image
Source
WikipediaBohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7782-41-4
CID Number
CID24524
DOT Number
9192
RTECS Number
RTECSLM6475000
Mendeleev Number
106
Pettifor Number
102
Eu Number
Ya'u 1-954-8
Space Group Number
15
Glawe Number
102
Mass
Atomic Mass
18.99840316 Da
Uncertainty
1e-8
Periodic Position
X Position
17
Y Position
2
Period
2
Group
17
Classification
Block
p
Category
Reactive Nonmetal
Geochemical
Semi-Volatile
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Abundance
Seawater
0.0000013 kg/L
Sun
0.001 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.00059 g
Solar System
0.00085 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.0087 %
Color
Jmol
#9e+51
Molcas Gv
#9e+51
CPK
#DAA520
Atomic Radius
Empirical
50
Calculated
42
Van Der Waals
147
Bonding
147
Room Temperature
146
Batsanov
150
Rahm
163
Dreiding
347.2
Uff
336.4
Mm3
171
Alvarez
146
Bragg
67
Covalent (Single Bound)
71
Covalent (Triple Bound)
53
Covalent (Cordero)
57
Covalent (Pyykko)
64
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
59
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
53
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
53.48 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
53.53 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
53.33 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
53.39 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
85.03 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
85.03 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
84.89 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
84.87 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
85 °K
Critical Temperature
144.13 °K
Critical Pressure
5.172 MPa
Density
STP
1.696 kg/cm³
Gas
1.7 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
11.2 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
17.1 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
0.51 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
0.51 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
0.51 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
6.54 kJ/mol
Evaporation CRC
6.62 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
6.62 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
6.32 kJ/mol
Heat Capacity CRC
31.304 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
31.3 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
31.3 J/gK
Thermal Conductivity
0.028 W/m*K
Adiabatic Index
42900
Etymology
Description
It is a poisonous, pale yellow, gaseous element belonging to the 17th group (halogens) in the periodic table. It is the most chemically reactive and electronegative element. It is quite dangerous and causes serious chemical burns if it comes into contact with the skin. Fluorine was discovered by Scheele in 1771 and isolated for the first time by Moissan in 1886.
Language Of Origin
Latin
Origin Of Word
It comes from the Latin verb fluere, meaning 'to flow'.
Meaning
flow
Etymological Description
It is named so because of its compound fluorite (calcium fluoride, CaF2).
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
A.-M. Ampère
Observed/Discovery Year
1810
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
H. Moissan
Isolated Sample Year
1886
Named By
Humphry Davy
Production & Use
Sources
It is found in fluorite and cryolite. The only practical route for its commercial production is the electrolysis of hydrofluoric acid (HF) or potassium fluoride (KHF2).
Uses
Used in refrigerants and other fluorocarbons. It is also used in toothpastes as sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2). Another area of use is Teflon.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.00002
Neutron Cross Section
0.01
Electron Affinity
Proton Affinity
340.1
Electron Affinity (eV)
3.4011897
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
328.1649
Electron Affinity (pauling)
3.98
Electron Affinity (allen)
24.8
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.344443
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
3.74
Uncertainty
0.08
C6 GB
10.2
C6 Coefficient
9.52
Lattice
Constant
550, 328, 728
Strucutre
MCL
Angles
p/2, p/2, p/2
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
−1
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p5
Quantum Number
hat/a
Electron Configuration Semantic
[He] 2s2 2p5
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
7
Ionization Energies-0
1681
Ionization Energies-1
3374.2
Ionization Energies-2
6050.4
Ionization Energies-3
8407.7
Ionization Energies-4
11022.7
Ionization Energies-5
15164.1
Ionization Energies-6
17868
Ionization Energies-7
92038.1
Ionization Energies-8
106434.3
List of Compounds
1-10 of 93 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| F2 | fluorine difluorine fluorine gas |
| AgF | silver fluoride argentous fluoride fluorosilver silver(I) fluoride silver monofluoride |
| AgF2 | silver difluoride difluorosilver silver(2+) fluoride silver(II) difluoride silver(II) fluoride |
| Ag2F | silver subfluoride |
| AlF3 | aluminum fluoride aluminium fluoridealuminium trifluoride aluminum fluoride (anhydrous) aluminum trifluoride trifluoroalumane |
| AmF3 | americium(III) fluoride |
| AmF4 | americium(IV) fluoride |
| AsF3 | arsenic trifluoridearsenic fluoride arsenic(III) fluoride arsenous fluoride trifluoroarsine |
| AsF5 | arsenic pentafluoride arsenic pentfluoride arsenic(V) fluoride arsorane, pentafluoro- pentafluoridoarsenic |
| AuF3 | gold(III) fluoride |
