64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.253
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-54-2
CID Number
CID23982
RTECS Number
RTECSLW3850000
Mendeleev Number
27
Pettifor Number
27
Space Group Number
194
Glawe Number
26
Mass
Atomic Mass
157.253 Da
Uncertainty
0.03
Periodic Position
X Position
11
Y Position
8
Period
6
Group
N/A
Classification
Block
f
Category
Lanthanides
Geochemical
Rare Earth and Similars
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Abundance
Seawater
7e-13 kg/L
Sun
3.7e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.0000062 g
Solar System
3.3e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.000023 %
Color
Jmol
#45FFC7
Molcas Gv
#45FFC7
CPK
#FF1493
Atomic Radius
Empirical
180
Calculated
233
Rahm
277
Uff
336.8
Mm3
271
Alvarez
283
Covalent (Triple Bound)
132
Covalent (Cordero)
196
Covalent (Pyykko)
169
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
135
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
132
Metallic
180.4
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
1585 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
1585 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
1586 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
1585 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
3273 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
3523 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
3546 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
3546 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
3273 °K
Curie Point
292 Tc
Superconducting Point
1.08 °K
Density
STP
7.9 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
7901 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
7900 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
7900 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
7400 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
19.9 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
19.9 cm³
Heat Of Fusion CRC
10 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
10.05 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
10 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
398 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
301.3 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
305 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
301 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
37.03 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.23 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
37.03 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
37.03 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
37 J/gK
Thermal Expansion
0.0000094 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
2680 m/s
Electrical Resistance
293k
1310 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
From Ferromany
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
21.8 GPa
Bulk Modulus
37.9 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.259 ν
Youngs Modulus
54.8 GPa
Hardness
Vickers
510–950
Etymology
Description
It is a soft, silvery metal element found among the lanthanides. There are seven known natural and stable isotopes in addition to 11 artificial isotopes. Gd-155 and Gd-157 are the best neutron absorbers of all elements. Gadolinium compounds are used in electronics. It was discovered by J.C.G Marignac in 1880.
Language Of Origin
Hebrew
Origin Of Word
From chemist, physicist and mineralogist Johan Gadolin
Meaning
Hebrew surname, from the root gadol meaning "great"
Symbol Origin
surname, eponym
Etymological Description
This name was given in honor of Johan Gadolin, who pioneered chemistry research and laboratory training in the northern countries and discovered yttrium (the mineral gadolinite also comes from his name).
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
J. C. G. de Marignac
Observed/Discovery Year
1880
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
P.E.L. of Boisbaudran
Isolated Sample Year
1886
Production & Use
Sources
It is found with other rare earth elements in gadolinite and monazite sand.
Uses
It is used in steel alloying materials and in the production of electronic components.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
7.3
Neutron Cross Section
4.9×104
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
13.22
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.2
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.1944
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
158
Uncertainty
20
C6 GB
2340
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
3.64
Strucutre
HEX
Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
0,1,2,3
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1
Quantum Number
sincerity
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Rook] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
18
Shells-3
25
Shells-4
9
Shells-5
2
Ionization Energies-0
593.4
Ionization Energies-1
1170
Ionization Energies-2
1990
Ionization Energies-3
4250
List of Compounds
1-10 of 44 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Gd | gadolinium gadolinium metal |
| GdBr3 | gadolinium(III)bromide tribromogadolinium |
| GdCl3 | gadolinium(III) chloride gadolinium chloride gadolinium trichloride trichlorogadolinium |
| GdF3 | gadolinium(III)fluoride trifluorogadolinium |
| GdB6 | gadolinium boride |
| GdI2 | gadolinium(II) iodide |
| GdI3 | gadolinium(III)iodide triiodogadolinium |
| GdN | gadolinium nitride |
| GdSb | gadolinium antimonide antimony, compound with gadolinium (1:1) |
| GdSe | gadolinium(II) selenide |
