Pt | Gold

Basic Information

Name

Gold

Alternative Name

Aurum

Atomic Number

Appearance

Metallic yellow

Phase At STP

Solid

Spectrum Image

Source

Wikipedia

Bohr Model

Static

Interactive

Descriptive Numbers

CAS Number

7440-57-5

CID Number

CID23985

RTECS Number

RTECSMD5070000

Mendeleev Number

Pettifor Number

Space Group Number

225

Glawe Number

Mass

Atomic Mass

196.9665695 Da

Uncertainty

0.000005

Periodic Position

X Position

Y Position

Period

Group

Classification

Block

Abundance

Seawater

4e-12 kg/L

Sun

3e-7 mole ratio to silicon

Earth Crust

4e-9 g

Solar System

1.9e-7 mole ratio to silicon

Meteorites

0.000017 %

Color

Jmol

#FFD123

Molcas Gv

#FFD123

CPK

#DAA520

Atomic Radius

Empirical

135

Calculated

174

Van Der Waals

166

Batsanov

210

Rahm

226

Uff

329.3

Mm3

243

Alvarez

232

Covalent (Single Bound)

144

Covalent (Triple Bound)

123

Covalent (Cordero)

136

Covalent (Pyykko)

124

Covalent (Pyykko Double)

121

Covalent (Pyykko Triple)

123

Mendeleev

134

C12

144

Metallic

144

Temperature

Melting/Freeze (USE)

1337.33 °K

Melting/Freeze (WEL)

1337.33 °K

Melting/Freeze (CRC)

1337.18 °K

Melting/Freeze (LNG)

1337.18 °K

Boiling/Density (USE)

3243 °K

Boiling/Density (WEL)

3129 °K

Boiling/Density (CRC)

3129 °K

Boiling/Density (LNG)

3129 °K

Boiling/Density (Zhang)

3243 °K

Density

STP

19.3 kg/cm³

Solid (WEL)

19300 kg/cm³

Solid (CRC)

19300 kg/cm³

Solid (LNG)

19300 kg/cm³

Liquid (CR2)

17310 kg/cm³

Heat

Molar Volume

10.21 cm³/mol

Atomic Volume

10.2 cm³

Heat Of Fusion USE

12.68 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion CRC

12.72 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion LNG

12.55 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion WEL

12.5 kJ/mol

Evaporation USE

340 kJ/mol

Evaporation CRC

324 kJ/mol

Evaporation LNG

324 kJ/mol

Evaporation WEL

330 kJ/mol

Evaporation Zhang

342 kJ/mol

Molar Heat

25.418 J/molK

Heat Capacity USE

0.129 J/gK

Heat Capacity CRC

25.418 J/gK

Heat Capacity LNG

25.36 J/gK

Heat Capacity WEL

25.42 J/gK

Thermal Conductivity

318 W/m*K

Thermal Expansion

0.0000142 1/K

Adiabatic Index

N/A

Speed of Sound

Longitudinal

3240 m/s

Transversal

1200 m/s

Extensional

2030 m/s

Electrical Resistance

80k

4.81 nΩm

273k

20.51 nΩm

293k

22.14 nΩm

298k

22.55 nΩm

300k

22.71 nΩm

500k

39.7 nΩm

Magnetic Properties

Order

Diamagnetic

Susceptibility

-1.8e-9 m3/kg

Elasticity

Shear Modulus

27 GPa

Bulk Modulus

180 GPa

Poisson Ratio

0.44 ν

Youngs Modulus

78 GPa

Hardness

Mohs

2.5

Brinell

188–245

Vickers

188–216

Etymology

Description

It is the most ductile and malleable metal known. Gold has only one stable isotope and six radioisotopes. Au-195 is the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. It is used in jewelry, dentistry, electronics and as a monetary standard. Au-198 is used in the treatment of cancer and some other health problems. Gold is known to have existed since 2600 BC. Its symbol, Au, comes from the Latin word aurum, meaning gold. Gold itself is not poisonous, but it is known to damage the liver and kidneys to certain extent.

Language Of Origin

Old English via Medieval English

Origin Of Word

From the English word (Latin aurum)

Symbol Origin

descriptive (color): Latin aurum

Etymological Description

From the Old English word "gold" from Proto-Indo-European *ghel-, meaning yellow or "bright". The symbol Au is an abbreviation for the Latin word aurum, meaning "bright dawn".

Discovery & Isolation

Observed/Predicted By

East Mediterranean

Observed/Discovery Year

before 6000 BC

Isolated Sample By

Wadi Qana

Isolated Sample Year

before 4000 BC

Production & Use

Sources

It is found naturally and in veins in the earth along with copper ores.

Uses

It has an extremely malleable structure. It is used in electronics, jewelry and coins. It is a good reflector of infrared radiation, which is why a thin layer of gold is used in the windows of skyscrapers to reduce internal heating by sunlight.

Radioactivity

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

Stable

Neutron Mass Absorption

0.017

Neutron Cross Section

98.7

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity (eV)

2.30863

Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

222.747

Electron Affinity (pauling)

2.54

Electron Affinity (allen)

11.33

Electron Affinity (ghosh)

0.26137

Dipole Polarity

Accepted

Uncertainty

C6 GB

427

Lattice

Constant Internal Default Radius

4.08

Strucutre

FCC

Angles

p/2, p/2, p/2

Electron & Quantum

Oxidation States

−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,5

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10

Quantum Number

2S1/2

Electron Configuration Semantic

[Rook] 4f14 5d10 6s1

Shells-0

Shells-1

Shells-2

Shells-3

Shells-4

Shells-5

Ionization Energies-0

890.1

Ionization Energies-1

1980

List of Compounds

1-10 of 44 compounds

Rows per page:

Formula	Names
Au	gold aurum gold metal
AuBr3·xH2O	gold(III) bromide auric bromide gold bromide hydrogen tetrabromoaurate(III) hydrate tribromogold
AuCl	gold(I)chloride gold(+1) cation chloride
AuCl3	gold(III)chloride trichlorogold
AuF3	gold(III) fluoride
AuI	gold(I) iodide aurous iodide gold iodide iodogold
AuI3	gold(III)iodide gold triiodide
Au2O3·xH2O	gold(III) oxide auric oxide gold trioxide keto-(ketoauriooxy)gold oxo-(oxoauriooxy)gold sulfurous acid, ammonium gold salt
Au2S3	gold(III) sulfide auric sulfide digold trisulphide gold(+3) cation trisulfide gold trisulfide
Au2Se3	gold(III) selenide

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