72
Hf
Hafnium
178.492
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-58-6
CID Number
CID23986
DOT Number
2545
RTECS Number
RTECSMG4600000
Mendeleev Number
45
Pettifor Number
50
Space Group Number
194
Glawe Number
50
Mass
Atomic Mass
178.492 Da
Uncertainty
0.02
Periodic Position
X Position
4
Y Position
6
Period
6
Group
4
Classification
Block
d
Category
Transition Metal
Geochemical
High Field Strength
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Abundance
Seawater
7e-12 kg/L
Sun
2.1e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.000003 g
Solar System
1.5e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.000017 %
Color
Jmol
#4DC2FF
Molcas Gv
#4DC2FF
CPK
#FF1493
Atomic Radius
Empirical
155
Calculated
208
Batsanov
225
Rahm
264
Uff
314.1
Mm3
253
Alvarez
263
Covalent (Single Bound)
150
Covalent (Triple Bound)
122
Covalent (Cordero)
175
Covalent (Pyykko)
152
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
128
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
122
Mendeleev
144
C12
159
Metallic
159
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
2506 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
2506 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
2506 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
2500 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
4876 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
4876 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
4876 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
4723 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
4876 °K
Superconducting Point
0.13 °K
Density
STP
13.31 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
13310 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
13300 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
13310 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
12000 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
13.44 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
13.6 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
25.1 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
27.2 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
27.2 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
25.5 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
575 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
571 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
630 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
648 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
25.73 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.146 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
25.73 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
25.69 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
25.7 J/gK
Thermal Conductivity
23 W/m*K
Thermal Expansion
0.0000059 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
3010 m/s
Electrical Resistance
80k
67.5 nΩm
273k
304 nΩm
293k
331 nΩm
298k
337 nΩm
300k
340 nΩm
500k
631 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
paramanyetic
Susceptibility
5.3e-9 m3/kg
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
30 GPa
Bulk Modulus
110 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.37 ν
Youngs Modulus
78 GPa
Hardness
Mohs
5.5
Brinell
1450–2100
Vickers
1520–2060
Etymology
Description
It is a silvery and shiny transition metal. It is used in tungsten alloys found in filaments and electrodes. It also functions as a neutron absorber. Although Urbain claimed to have found this element for the first time in 1911, its existence was discovered by D.Coster and G.C. in 1923. It was confirmed by its discovery by de Hevesy.
Language Of Origin
Latin
Origin Of Word
Copenhagen's New Latin name comes from Hafnia
Meaning
Copenhagen
Symbol Origin
place name
Etymological Description
The Latin word for the Danish city of Copenhagen comes from Hafnia.
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
C. A. von Welsbach and G. Urbain
Observed/Discovery Year
1922
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
D. Coster ve G. von Hevesy
Isolated Sample Year
1922
Production & Use
Sources
It is obtained from zircon or badeleyite mineral.
Uses
It is used in reactor control rods because it can absorb neutrons.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.02
Neutron Cross Section
104
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (eV)
0.014
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
17.18
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.3
Electron Affinity (allen)
6.83
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.229987
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
103
Uncertainty
6
C6 GB
1040
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
3.2
Strucutre
HEX
Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
−2,0,1,2,3,4
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d2
Quantum Number
Pardon me
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Car] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
18
Shells-3
32
Shells-4
10
Shells-5
2
Ionization Energies-0
658.5
Ionization Energies-1
1440
Ionization Energies-2
2250
Ionization Energies-3
3216
List of Compounds
1-10 of 46 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Hf | hafnium hafnium metal |
| HfBr4 | hafnium(IV)bromide tetrabromohafnium |
| HfC | hafnium(IV)carbide methanidylidynehafnium |
| HfCl4 | hafnium tetrachloride hafnium chloride hafnium(IV) chloride tetrachlorohafnium |
| HfF4 | hafnium(IV)fluoride tetrafluorohafnium |
| HfH2 | hafnium(II) hydride hafnium dihydride hafnium hydride |
| HfB2 | hafnium boride |
| HfBr2 | hafnium(II) bromide |
| HfBr3 | hafnium(III) bromide |
| HfCl2 | hafnium(II) chloride |
