41
Nb
Niobium
92.906372
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Name
Niobium
Alternative Name
Columbia
Atomic Number
41
Appearance
Metallic gray, bluish when oxidized
Phase At STP
Solid
Spectrum Image
Source
WikipediaBohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-03-01
CID Number
CID23936
RTECS Number
RTECSQT9900000
Mendeleev Number
48
Pettifor Number
52
Space Group Number
229
Glawe Number
53
Mass
Atomic Mass
92.906372 Da
Uncertainty
0.00002
Periodic Position
X Position
5
Y Position
5
Period
5
Group
5
Classification
Block
d
Category
Transition Metal
Geochemical
High Field Strength
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Abundance
Urban Soil
0.0157 mg/kg
Seawater
1e-11 kg/L
Sun
7e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.00002 g
Solar System
7e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.000019 %
Color
Jmol
#73C2C9
Molcas Gv
#73C2C9
CPK
#FF1493
Atomic Radius
Empirical
145
Calculated
198
Batsanov
215
Rahm
251
Uff
316.5
Mm3
243
Alvarez
256
Covalent (Single Bound)
137
Covalent (Triple Bound)
116
Covalent (Cordero)
164
Covalent (Pyykko)
147
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
125
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
116
Mendeleev
134
C12
146
Metallic
146
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
2750 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
2750 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
2750 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
2741 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
5017 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
5017 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
5017 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
5133 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
5017 °K
Superconducting Point
9.25 °K
Density
STP
8.57 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
8570 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
8570 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
8570 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
10.83 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
10.8 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
26.8 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
30 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
30 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
26.8 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
680 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
689.9 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
690 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
682 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
24.6 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.268 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
24.6 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
24.67 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
24.6 J/gK
Thermal Conductivity
53.7 W/m*K
Thermal Expansion
0.0000073 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
3480 m/s
Electrical Resistance
273k
152 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
paramanyetic
Susceptibility
2.8e-8 m3/kg
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
38 GPa
Bulk Modulus
170 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.4 ν
Youngs Modulus
105 GPa
Hardness
Mohs
6
Brinell
735–2450
Vickers
870–1320
Etymology
Description
It is a soft, ductile, grey-blue transition metal. It is used in welded joints and special steels to increase strength. It combines with halogens and oxidizes in air at 200 degrees. It was discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801 and isolated by Blomstrand in 1864. Its real name was colombium.
Language Of Origin
Greek
Origin Of Word
From Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus in Greek mythology
Meaning
snowy
Symbol Origin
mythological
Etymological Description
In classical mythology, it was named after Niobe, daughter of Tantalus. Its alternative name, columbium, comes from Columbia, a national symbol of the United States.
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
C. Hatchett
Observed/Discovery Year
1801
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
W. Blomstrand
Isolated Sample Year
1864
Production & Use
Sources
It is found in the mineral columbite. It was formerly known as columbium (Cb). It is used in rusting steel alloys of nuclear reactors, aircraft and rockets.
Uses
It is used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors. Tin is known to be superconducting when alloyed with aluminum or zirconium.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0004
Neutron Cross Section
1.15
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (eV)
0.917406
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
88.516
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.6
Electron Affinity (allen)
8.34
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.1280782
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
98
Uncertainty
8
C6 GB
1140
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
3.3
Constant
330.04, 330.04, 330.04
Strucutre
BCC
Angles
p/2, p/2, p/2
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
−3,−1,0,1,2,3,4,5
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d4
Quantum Number
6D1/2
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
18
Shells-3
12
Shells-4
1
Ionization Energies-0
652.1
Ionization Energies-1
1380
Ionization Energies-2
2416
Ionization Energies-3
3700
Ionization Energies-4
4877
Ionization Energies-5
9847
Ionization Energies-6
12100
List of Compounds
1-10 of 52 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Nb | niobium columbium niobium metal |
| NbB | niobium boride boranylidyneniobium niobium monoboride |
| Be12Nb | beryllium compound with niobium (12:1) beryllium-niobium alloy (12:1) niobium compound with beryllium (1:12) |
| NbBr5 | niobium(V) bromide niobium bromideniobium pentabromide pentabromoniobium |
| Cl3Nb | niobium(III) chloride |
| Cl4Nb | niobium(IV) chloride |
| NbCl5 | niobium(V) chloride columbium pentachloride niobium chlorideniobium pentachloride pentachloroniobium |
| NbF5 | niobium(V) fluoride niobium fluoride (Nb F5),(tB-5-11)- niobium pentafluoride pentafluoroniobium |
| NbI5 | niobium(V)iodide pentaiodoniobium |
| NbN | niobium nitride columbium nitride niobium mononitride nitridoniobium |
