Pt | Potassium

Basic Information

Name

Potassium

Alternative Name

Kalyum

Atomic Number

Appearance

Silvery gray

Phase At STP

Solid

Spectrum Image

Source

Wikipedia

Bohr Model

Static

Interactive

Descriptive Numbers

CAS Number

7440-09-07

CID Number

CID5462222

DOT Number

2257

RTECS Number

RTECSTS6460000

Mendeleev Number

Pettifor Number

Space Group Number

229

Glawe Number

Mass

Atomic Mass

39.09831 Da

Uncertainty

0.0001

Periodic Position

X Position

Y Position

Period

Group

Classification

Block

Abundance

Urban Soil

13.4 mg/kg

Seawater

0.0004 kg/L

Sun

0.0037 mole ratio to silicon

Earth Crust

0.021 g

Human Body

0.2 %

Solar System

0.0038 mole ratio to silicon

Meteorites

0.07 %

Color

Jmol

#8F40D4

Molcas Gv

#8F40D4

CPK

#FF1493

Atomic Radius

Empirical

220

Calculated

243

Van Der Waals

275

Bonding

275

Batsanov

280

Rahm

234

Uff

381.2

Mm3

309

Alvarez

273

Bragg

207

Covalent (Single Bound)

196

Covalent (Cordero)

203

Covalent (Pyykko)

196

Covalent (Pyykko Double)

193

Mendeleev

203

C12

235

Metallic

227

Temperature

Melting/Freeze (USE)

336.7 °K

Melting/Freeze (WEL)

336.53 °K

Melting/Freeze (CRC)

336.5 °K

Melting/Freeze (LNG)

336.38 °K

Boiling/Density (USE)

1032 °K

Boiling/Density (WEL)

1032 °K

Boiling/Density (CRC)

1032 °K

Boiling/Density (LNG)

1032 °K

Boiling/Density (Zhang)

1047 °K

Critical Temperature

2223 °K

Autoignition Point

713 °K

Critical Pressure

16 MPa

Density

STP

0.862 kg/cm³

Solid (WEL)

856 kg/cm³

Solid (CRC)

890 kg/cm³

Solid (LNG)

890 kg/cm³

Liquid (CR2)

828 kg/cm³

Heat

Molar Volume

45.94 cm³/mol

Atomic Volume

45.3 cm³

Heat Of Fusion USE

102.5 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion CRC

2.33 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion LNG

2.321 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion WEL

2.33 kJ/mol

Evaporation USE

2.33 kJ/mol

Evaporation LNG

76.9 kJ/mol

Evaporation WEL

76.9 kJ/mol

Evaporation Zhang

79.1 kJ/mol

Combustion

-182 kJ/mol

Molar Heat

29.6 J/molK

Heat Capacity USE

0.753 J/gK

Heat Capacity CRC

29.6 J/gK

Heat Capacity LNG

29.6 J/gK

Heat Capacity WEL

29.6 J/gK

Thermal Conductivity

79 W/m*K

Adiabatic Index

N/A

Speed of Sound

Extensional

2000 m/s

Electrical Resistance

80k

13.4 nΩm

273k

64.9 nΩm

293k

72 nΩm

298k

73.9 nΩm

300k

74.7 nΩm

Magnetic Properties

Order

paramanyetic

Susceptibility

6.7e-9 m3/kg

Elasticity

Shear Modulus

1.3 GPa

Bulk Modulus

3.1 GPa

Hardness

Mohs

0.4

Brinell

0.363

Etymology

Description

It is a soft silvery metal element belonging to the first group (alkali metals) in the periodic table. It is found naturally in sea water and many minerals. Although chemically it is highly reactive, it is similar to sodium in its behavior and compounds. It was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807.

Language Of Origin

Modern Latin via Dutch and English

Origin Of Word

From the New Latin word potassa, meaning "potash" (kalium in older forms of Latin)

Meaning

pot ash (Eng. pot-ash)

Etymological Description

From the English word "potash", which means pot ash (a potassium compound prepared with an alkali obtained in a pot containing burnt wood or tree leaves). This word is a literal translation of the Dutch word potaschen, meaning "pot ashes". The symbol K is an abbreviation for the Latin kalium, which comes from the Arabic word al qalīy, meaning "baked/calcined ashes".

Discovery & Isolation

Observed/Predicted By

H. Crowds

Observed/Discovery Year

1807

Discovery Location

Isolated Sample By

H. Crowds

Isolated Sample Year

1807

Production & Use

Sources

It is found in minerals such as carnallite [(KMgCl3).6H2O] and sylvite (potassium chloride, KCL). The pure metal state is obtained by reacting hot potassium chloride and sodium vapor in a special retort.

Uses

It is used in the form of potash in glass and soap making. It is also used as saltpeter, or potassium nitrate (KNO3), in the manufacture of explosives and to give a mauve color to fireworks. It was formerly called kalium (K). It is vital for the functioning of nerve and muscle tissues.

Radioactivity

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

Stable

Neutron Mass Absorption

0.0018

Neutron Cross Section

2.1

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity (eV)

0.50147

Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

48.383

Electron Affinity (pauling)

0.82

Electron Affinity (allen)

4.34

Electron Affinity (ghosh)

0.0981896

Dipole Polarity

Accepted

289.7

Uncertainty

0.3

C6 GB

3910

C6 Coefficient

3923

Lattice

Constant Internal Default Radius

5.23

Constant

532.8, 532.8, 532.8

Strucutre

BCC

Angles

p/2, p/2, p/2

Electron & Quantum

Oxidation States

−1,1

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Quantum Number

2S1/2

Electron Configuration Semantic

[Ar] 4s1

Shells-0

Shells-1

Shells-2

Shells-3

Ionization Energies-0

418.8

Ionization Energies-1

3052

Ionization Energies-2

4420

Ionization Energies-3

5877

Ionization Energies-4

7975

Ionization Energies-5

9590

Ionization Energies-6

11343

Ionization Energies-7

14944

Ionization Energies-8

16963.7

Ionization Energies-9

48610

Ionization Energies-10

54490

Ionization Energies-11

60730

Ionization Energies-12

68950

Ionization Energies-13

75900

Ionization Energies-14

83080

Ionization Energies-15

93400

Ionization Energies-16

99710

Ionization Energies-17

444880

Ionization Energies-18

476063

List of Compounds

1-10 of 99 compounds

Rows per page:

Formula	Names
K	potassium kalium potassium metal
KBr	potassium bromide bromide salt of potassium hydrobromic acid potassium salt tripotassium tribromide
KCl	potassium chloride enseal kalitabs kaochlor pfiklor potavescent rekawan
KF	potassium fluoride fluorure de potassium potassium fluoride (1:1) potassium fluoride anhydrous
KH	potassium hydride potassium hydride (1:1) potassium monohydride
KI	potassium iodide asmofug E dipotassium diiodide iodic acid potassium salt knollide
K2Na	sodium-potassium alloy potassium; sodium
KO2	potassium superoxide potassium dioxide potassium molecular oxygen potassium oxide super potassium superoxide ko2
K2O2	potassium peroxide dipotassium peroxide potassium dioxide potassium oxide
K2Se	potassium selenide dipotassium selenide

...

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