Name

Ruthenium

Atomic Number

44

Appearance

Silvery white metallic

Phase At STP

Solid

Spectrum Image

Source

CAS Number

7440-18-8

CID Number

CID23950

DOT Number

3089

Mendeleev Number

60

Pettifor Number

63

Space Group Number

194

Glawe Number

61

Atomic Mass

101.072 Da

Uncertainty

0.02

X Position

8

Y Position

5

Period

5

Group

8

Block

d

Category

Transition Metal

Geochemical

I am metal

Goldschmidt

Siderophile

Electrical Type

Conductive

Seawater

7e-13 kg/L

Sun

0.0000019 mole ratio to silicon

Earth Crust

1e-9 g

Solar System

0.0000019 mole ratio to silicon

Meteorites

0.000081 %

Jmol

Molcas Gv

CPK

Empirical

130

Calculated

178

Batsanov

205

Rahm

237

Uff

296.3

Mm3

234

Alvarez

246

Covalent (Single Bound)

126

Covalent (Triple Bound)

103

Covalent (Cordero)

146

Covalent (Pyykko)

125

Covalent (Pyykko Double)

114

Covalent (Pyykko Triple)

103

Mendeleev

125

C12

134

Metallic

134

Melting/Freeze (USE)

2607 °K

Melting/Freeze (WEL)

2607 °K

Melting/Freeze (CRC)

2607 °K

Melting/Freeze (LNG)

2607 °K

Boiling/Density (USE)

4423 °K

Boiling/Density (WEL)

4423 °K

Boiling/Density (CRC)

4423 °K

Boiling/Density (LNG)

4423 °K

Boiling/Density (Zhang)

4423 °K

Superconducting Point

0.49 °K

STP

12.45 kg/cm³

Solid (WEL)

12370 kg/cm³

Solid (CRC)

12100 kg/cm³

Solid (LNG)

12450 kg/cm³

Liquid (CR2)

10650 kg/cm³

Molar Volume

8.17 cm³/mol

Atomic Volume

8.3 cm³

Heat Of Fusion USE

25.5 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion CRC

38.59 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion LNG

38.59 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion WEL

25.7 kJ/mol

Evaporation LNG

591.6 kJ/mol

Evaporation WEL

580 kJ/mol

Evaporation Zhang

619 kJ/mol

Molar Heat

24.06 J/molK

Heat Capacity USE

0.238 J/gK

Heat Capacity CRC

24.06 J/gK

Heat Capacity LNG

24.1 J/gK

Heat Capacity WEL

24.1 J/gK

Thermal Conductivity

117 W/m*K

Thermal Expansion

0.0000064 1/K

Adiabatic Index

N/A

Extensional

5970 m/s

273k

71 nΩm

Order

paramanyetic

Susceptibility

5.4e-9 m3/kg

Shear Modulus

173 GPa

Bulk Modulus

220 GPa

Poisson Ratio

0.3 ν

Youngs Modulus

447 GPa

Mohs

6.5

Brinell

2160

Observed/Predicted By

K. Claus

Observed/Discovery Year

1844

Discovery Location

Isolated Sample By

K. Claus

Isolated Sample Year

1844

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

Stable

Neutron Mass Absorption

0.0009

Neutron Cross Section

2.6

Proton Affinity

774

Electron Affinity (eV)

1.05

Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

100.96

Electron Affinity (pauling)

2.2

Electron Affinity (allen)

9.1

Electron Affinity (ghosh)

0.1376494

Accepted

72

Uncertainty

10

C6 GB

809

Constant Internal Default Radius

2.7

Constant

270.59, 270.59, 428.15

Strucutre

HEX

Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

Oxidation States

−4,−2,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d7

Quantum Number

Blow

Electron Configuration Semantic

[Kr] 4d7 5s1

Shells-0

2

Shells-1

8

Shells-2

18

Shells-3

15

Shells-4

1

Ionization Energies-0

710.2

Ionization Energies-1

1620

Ionization Energies-2

2747