14
Si
Silicon
28.085
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Name
Silicon
Alternative Name
Silicon
Atomic Number
14
Appearance
Crystalline, parts with bluish faces are reflective
Phase At STP
Solid
Spectrum Image
Source
WikipediaBohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-21-3
CID Number
CID5461123
DOT Number
1346
RTECS Number
RTECSVW0400000
Mendeleev Number
88
Pettifor Number
85
Space Group Number
227
Glawe Number
85
Mass
Atomic Mass
28.085 Da
Periodic Position
X Position
14
Y Position
3
Period
3
Group
14
Classification
Block
p
Category
Metalloid
Geochemical
Major
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Semiconductor
Abundance
Urban Soil
289 mg/kg
Seawater
0.0000022 kg/L
Sun
1 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.28 g
Human Body
0.03 %
Solar System
1 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
14 %
Color
Jmol
#F0C8A0
Molcas Gv
#F0C8A0
CPK
#DAA520
Atomic Radius
Empirical
110
Calculated
111
Van Der Waals
210
Bonding
210
Batsanov
210
Rahm
232
Dreiding
427
Uff
429.5
Mm3
229
Alvarez
219
Bragg
117
Covalent (Single Bound)
111
Covalent (Triple Bound)
102
Covalent (Cordero)
111
Covalent (Pyykko)
116
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
107
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
102
Mendeleev
117
C12
138
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
1687 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
1687 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
1687 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
1685 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
3538 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
3173 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
3538 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
3538 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
3533 °K
Autoignition Point
423 °K
Density
STP
2.329 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
2330 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
2329 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
2330 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
2570 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
12.06 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
12.1 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
50.6 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
50.21 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
50.21 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
50.2 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
383 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
359 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
359 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
383 kJ/mol
Combustion
-9055 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
19.789 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.703 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
19.789 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
20 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
20 J/gK
Thermal Conductivity
149 W/m*K
Thermal Expansion
0.0000026 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Longitudinal
8433 m/s
Transversal
5843 m/s
Magnetic Properties
Order
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
-1.6e-9 m3/kg
Elasticity
Bulk Modulus
100 GPa
Youngs Modulus
47 GPa
Hardness
Mohs
6.5
Etymology
Description
It is a semi-metal element belonging to the 14th group of the periodic table. It is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, where it constitutes 25.7% by weight. It is less chemically reactive than carbon. It was first discovered by Lavoisier in 1787 and isolated by Berzelius in 1823.
Language Of Origin
Latin
Origin Of Word
From the Latin word silex, which means 'flint' and is originally silicum.
Meaning
flint
Symbol Origin
descriptive
Etymological Description
It comes from the Latin silex and silicis, meaning "flint" (silicon dioxide).
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
J. Berzelius
Observed/Discovery Year
1823
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
J. Berzelius
Isolated Sample Year
1823
Named By
Thomas Thomson (chemist)
Production & Use
Sources
It makes up the majority of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2) and sand. Its commercial production is made by reacting sand (SiO2) and carbon at temperatures around 200 degrees.
Uses
It is used in glasses as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon carbide is one of the hardest substances known and is used in polish. The crystalline form is also used in semiconductors.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0002
Neutron Cross Section
171
Electron Affinity
Proton Affinity
837
Electron Affinity (eV)
1.3895211
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
134.0684
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.9
Electron Affinity (allen)
11.33
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.178503
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
37.3
Uncertainty
0.7
C6 GB
308
C6 Coefficient
305
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
5.43
Constant
543.09, 543.09, 543.09
Strucutre
THERE
Angles
p/2, p/2, p/2
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Quantum Number
3P0
Electron Configuration Semantic
[n] burden stick
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
4
Ionization Energies-0
786.5
Ionization Energies-1
1577.1
Ionization Energies-2
3231.6
Ionization Energies-3
4355.5
Ionization Energies-4
16091
Ionization Energies-5
19805
Ionization Energies-6
23780
Ionization Energies-7
29287
Ionization Energies-8
33878
Ionization Energies-9
38726
Ionization Energies-10
45962
Ionization Energies-11
50502
Ionization Energies-12
235196
Ionization Energies-13
257923
List of Compounds
1-10 of 97 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Si | silicon silicon metal |
| MoSi2 | molybdenum disilicide molybdenum silicide Ms silanidylidynesilanide |
| SiB4 | silicon tetraboride 1-sila-2,3,4,5-tetraboracyclopenta-1,3,5-triene |
| SiB6 | silicon hexaboride |
| BaSi2 | barium silicide |
| SiBr4 | silicon tetrabromide silicon(IV) bromide tetrabromosilane |
| SiC | silicon carbide carborundum methanidylidynesilicon silicon monocarbide silundum |
| CaSi | calcium silicide calcium monosilicide calcium silicon |
| CeSi2 | cerium silicide cerium disilicide |
| Cl2SiH2 | dichlorosilane dichlorosilicon |
