69
Tm
Thulium
168.934222
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-30-4
CID Number
CID23961
DOT Number
3089
Mendeleev Number
37
Pettifor Number
22
Space Group Number
194
Glawe Number
20
Mass
Atomic Mass
168.934222 Da
Uncertainty
0.00002
Periodic Position
X Position
16
Y Position
8
Period
6
Group
N/A
Classification
Block
f
Category
Lanthanides
Geochemical
Rare Earth and Similars
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Abundance
Seawater
1.7e-13 kg/L
Sun
3e-8 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
5.2e-7 g
Solar System
3.8e-8 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.0000029 %
Color
Jmol
#00D452
Molcas Gv
#00D452
CPK
#FF1493
Atomic Radius
Empirical
175
Calculated
222
Rahm
271
Uff
337.4
Mm3
267
Alvarez
279
Covalent (Cordero)
190
Covalent (Pyykko)
164
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
131
Metallic
175.9
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
1818 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
1818 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
1818 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
1818 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
2223 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
2223 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
2223 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
2223 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
2223 °K
Curie Point
25 Tc
Density
STP
9.32 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
9321 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
9320 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
9320 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
8560 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
19.13 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
18.1 cm³
Heat Of Fusion CRC
16.84 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
16.84 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
16.8 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
232 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
247 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
250 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
191 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
27.03 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.16 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
27.03 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
27.03 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
27 J/gK
Thermal Expansion
0.0000133 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Electrical Resistance
293k
676 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
paramanyetic
Neel Point
56 Tn
Susceptibility
0.000002 m3/kg
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
30.5 GPa
Bulk Modulus
44.5 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.213 ν
Youngs Modulus
74 GPa
Hardness
Brinell
471–900
Vickers
470–650
Etymology
Description
It is a soft gray metal element found among the lanthanides. It has one natural isotope (Tm-169) and 16 artificial isotopes have been produced. It has no known use. It was discovered by Per Theodor Cleve in 1879.
Language Of Origin
Greek
Origin Of Word
From Thule, the ancient name of Scandinavia
Meaning
a legendary country
Symbol Origin
mythological
Etymological Description
From Thule, the ancient Roman and Greek name for a legendary land in the north (perhaps Scandinavia). Its oxide, tulya, also comes from the same origin.
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
T. Cleve
Observed/Discovery Year
1879
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
T. Cleve
Isolated Sample Year
1879
Production & Use
Sources
It is found together with other earth elements in gadolinite, euxenite, xenotime and monanite minerals. By weight, monazite generally consists of 50% rare earth element and 0.007% thulium.
Uses
Radioactive thulium is used to power portable x-ray machines. In this way, there is no need to use electrical equipment.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.025
Neutron Cross Section
105
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (eV)
1.029
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
99
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.25
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.2167244
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
144
Uncertainty
15
C6 GB
2020
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
3.54
Strucutre
HEX
Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
0,2,3
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13
Quantum Number
Fah/A
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Car] 4f13 6s2
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
18
Shells-3
31
Shells-4
8
Shells-5
2
Ionization Energies-0
596.7
Ionization Energies-1
1160
Ionization Energies-2
2285
Ionization Energies-3
4120
List of Compounds
1-10 of 27 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Tm | thulium thulium metal |
| TmBr3 | thulium(III)bromide tribromothulium |
| Cl2Tm | thulium(II) chloride |
| TmCl3 | thulium chloride thulium acetylacetonate thulium(III) chloride thulium trichloride trichlorothulium |
| TmF3 | thulium(III)fluoride trifluorothulium |
| TmI2 | thulium(II)iodide diiodothulium |
| TmI3 | thulium(III)iodide triiodothulium |
| Tm2O3 | thulium(III) oxide dithulium trioxide thulia thulium oxide |
| TmSb | thullium monoantimonide antimony, compound with thulium (1:1) |
| TmBr2 | thulium(II) bromide |
