Name

Tin

Alternative Name

Tin

Atomic Number

50

Allotropes

White Tin, Gray Tin

Appearance

Silvery white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)

Phase At STP

Solid

Spectrum Image

Source

CAS Number

7440-31-5

CID Number

{CID5352426, CID5352426}

RTECS Number

RTECSXP7320000

Mendeleev Number

90

Pettifor Number

83

Space Group Number

141

Glawe Number

83

Atomic Mass

118.7107 Da

Uncertainty

0.007

X Position

14

Y Position

5

Period

5

Group

14

Block

p

Category

Post Transition Metal

Goldschmidt

Chalcophilic

Electrical Type

Conductive

Urban Soil

0.0068 mg/kg

Seawater

4e-12 kg/L

Sun

0.000003 mole ratio to silicon

Earth Crust

0.0000023 g

Solar System

0.0000039 mole ratio to silicon

Meteorites

0.00012 %

Jmol

Molcas Gv

CPK

Empirical

145

Calculated

145

Van Der Waals

217

Bonding

217

Batsanov

225

Rahm

248

Dreiding

447

Uff

439.2

Mm3

259

Alvarez

242

Bragg

140

Covalent (Single Bound)

141

Covalent (Triple Bound)

132

Covalent (Cordero)

139

Covalent (Pyykko)

140

Covalent (Pyykko Double)

130

Covalent (Pyykko Triple)

132

Mendeleev

142

C12

163

Melting/Freeze (USE)

505.08 °K

Melting/Freeze (WEL)

505.08 °K

Melting/Freeze (CRC)

504.93 °K

Melting/Freeze (LNG)

504.928 °K

Boiling/Density (USE)

2875 °K

Boiling/Density (WEL)

2875 °K

Boiling/Density (CRC)

2875 °K

Boiling/Density (LNG)

2875 °K

Boiling/Density (Zhang)

2893 °K

Superconducting Point

3.72 °K

STP

7.365 kg/cm³

Solid (WEL)

7310 kg/cm³

Solid (CRC)

7265 kg/cm³

Solid (LNG)

7265 kg/cm³

Liquid (CR2)

6990 kg/cm³

Molar Volume

16.29 cm³/mol

Atomic Volume

16.3 cm³

Heat Of Fusion USE

7.07 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion CRC

7.173 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion LNG

7.03 kJ/mol

Heat Of Fusion WEL

7 kJ/mol

Evaporation USE

296 kJ/mol

Evaporation LNG

296.1 kJ/mol

Evaporation WEL

290 kJ/mol

Evaporation Zhang

296 kJ/mol

Molar Heat

27.112 J/molK

Heat Capacity USE

0.222 J/gK

Heat Capacity CRC

27.112 J/gK

Heat Capacity LNG

26.99 J/gK

Heat Capacity WEL

27 J/gK

Thermal Conductivity

66.8 W/m*K

Thermal Expansion

0.000022 1/K

Adiabatic Index

N/A

Longitudinal

3320 m/s

Transversal

1670 m/s

Extensional

2730 m/s

273k

115 nΩm

Order

Diamagnetic

Susceptibility

-3.1e-9 m3/kg

Shear Modulus

18 GPa

Bulk Modulus

58 GPa

Poisson Ratio

0.36 ν

Youngs Modulus

50 GPa

Mohs

1.5

Brinell

51–75

Observed/Predicted By

Asia Minor (Anatolia)

Observed/Discovery Year

3500 BC

Isolated Sample By

Lasting

Isolated Sample Year

2000 BC

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

Stable

Neutron Mass Absorption

0.0002

Neutron Cross Section

0.63

Electron Affinity (eV)

1.112067

Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

107.2984

Electron Affinity (pauling)

1.96

Electron Affinity (allen)

10.79

Electron Affinity (ghosh)

0.178052

Accepted

53

Uncertainty

6

C6 GB

715

C6 Coefficient

659

Constant Internal Default Radius

5.82

Constant

583.18, 583.18, 318.19

Strucutre

TET

Angles

p/2, p/2, p/2

Oxidation States

−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2

Quantum Number

3P0

Electron Configuration Semantic

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2

Shells-0

2

Shells-1

8

Shells-2

18

Shells-3

18

Shells-4

4

Ionization Energies-0

708.6

Ionization Energies-1

1411.8

Ionization Energies-2

2943

Ionization Energies-3

3930.3

Ionization Energies-4

7456