23
V
Vanadium
50.94151
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Name
Vanadium
Atomic Number
23
Appearance
Blue-silver-grey metal
Phase At STP
Solid
Spectrum Image
Source
WikipediaBohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-62-2
CID Number
CID23990
DOT Number
3089
Mendeleev Number
47
Pettifor Number
54
Space Group Number
229
Glawe Number
54
Mass
Atomic Mass
50.94151 Da
Uncertainty
0.0001
Periodic Position
X Position
5
Y Position
4
Period
4
Group
5
Classification
Block
d
Category
Transition Metal
Geochemical
First Series Transition Metal
Goldschmidt
Lithophilic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Abundance
Urban Soil
0.1049 mg/kg
Seawater
2.5e-9 kg/L
Sun
0.00028 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
0.00012 g
Human Body
0.000003 %
Solar System
0.00029 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.0061 %
Color
Jmol
#A6A6AB
Molcas Gv
#A6A6AB
CPK
#FF1493
Atomic Radius
Empirical
135
Calculated
171
Batsanov
205
Rahm
252
Uff
314.4
Mm3
229
Alvarez
242
Covalent (Single Bound)
125
Covalent (Triple Bound)
106
Covalent (Cordero)
153
Covalent (Pyykko)
134
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
112
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
106
Mendeleev
122
C12
134
Metallic
134
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
2183 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
2183 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
2183 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
2190 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
3680 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
3680 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
3680 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
3694 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
3680 °K
Superconducting Point
5.4 °K
Density
STP
6 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
6110 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
6000 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
6110 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
5500 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
8.32 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
8.35 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
17.5 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
21.5 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
21.5 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
22.8 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
460 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
459 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
453 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
451 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
24.89 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.485 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
24.89 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
24.9 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
24.9 J/gK
Thermal Conductivity
30.7 W/m*K
Thermal Expansion
0.0000084 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
4560 m/s
Electrical Resistance
80k
24.1 nΩm
273k
181 nΩm
293k
197 nΩm
298k
201 nΩm
300k
202 nΩm
500k
348 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
paramanyetic
Susceptibility
6.3e-8 m3/kg
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
47 GPa
Bulk Modulus
160 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.37 ν
Youngs Modulus
128 GPa
Hardness
Mohs
7
Brinell
600–628
Vickers
628–640
Etymology
Description
It is a soft and ductile shiny white metal. It has good resistance to alkali, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid corrosion. It oxidizes immediately at a temperature of 933K. Vanadium has two naturally occurring isotopes and five radioisotopes. Among these, V-49 has the longest half-life at 337 days. Vanadium is widely used in the nuclear field. While the foil coats steel with titanium, vanadium-gallium tape is also used in the production of superconducting magnets. It was originally discovered by Mexican Andres Manuel del Rio in 1801. However, this discovery was not notable enough and in 1820, Swede Nils Gabriel Sefstron rediscovered vanadium. Metallic vanadium was isolated by Henry Enfield Roscoe in 1867. The name of the element comes from Vanadis, a Norse goddess. It is a silvery-white transition element. Vanadium is essential for ascidia. Rats and chickens are also known to need it. Metal dust poses a fire hazard. Additionally, it should not be forgotten that vanadium compounds are extremely toxic. The element can cause lung cancer if inhaled.
Language Of Origin
Old Norse
Origin Of Word
From Vanadis, the Old Norse name of the Norse goddess Freyja
Meaning
Vanir woman
Symbol Origin
mythological
Etymological Description
It comes from Vanadis, one of the names of the Vanir goddess Freyja in Norse mythology. This name was given because its chemical compounds consisting of many colors look beautiful.
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
M. del Río
Observed/Discovery Year
1801
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
H.E.Roscoe
Isolated Sample Year
1867
Production & Use
Sources
It is found in the minerals patronite (VS4), vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl] and carnotite [K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O]. The pure metal form is heated with carbon (C) and chlorine (Cl2) to obtain vanadium trichloride (VCl3). Afterwards, the resulting compound is heated with magnesium in an argon atmosphere to obtain its pure form.
Uses
It is used with other metals to make stronger and more durable alloys. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is used as a catalyst, dye and color stabilizer.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0033
Neutron Cross Section
5.06
Electron Affinity
Proton Affinity
859.4
Electron Affinity (eV)
0.525
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
50.911
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.63
Electron Affinity (allen)
9.063
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.1273344
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
87
Uncertainty
10
C6 GB
955
C6 Coefficient
832
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
3.02
Constant
303, 303, 303
Strucutre
BCC
Angles
p/2, p/2, p/2
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
−3,−1,0,1,2,3,4,5
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
Quantum Number
4F3/2
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
11
Shells-3
2
Ionization Energies-0
650.9
Ionization Energies-1
1414
Ionization Energies-2
2830
Ionization Energies-3
4507
Ionization Energies-4
6298.7
Ionization Energies-5
12363
Ionization Energies-6
14530
Ionization Energies-7
16730
Ionization Energies-8
19860
Ionization Energies-9
22240
Ionization Energies-10
24670
Ionization Energies-11
29730
Ionization Energies-12
32446
Ionization Energies-13
86450
Ionization Energies-14
94170
Ionization Energies-15
102300
Ionization Energies-16
112700
Ionization Energies-17
121600
Ionization Energies-18
130700
Ionization Energies-19
143400
Ionization Energies-20
151440
Ionization Energies-21
661050
Ionization Energies-22
699144
List of Compounds
1-10 of 99 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| V | vanadium vanadium metal |
| BV | vanadium boride vanadium boride (1:1) vanadium monoboride |
| Be12V | beryllium compound with vanadium (12:1) beryllium-vanadium alloy (12:1) vanadium compound with beryllium (1:12) |
| VBr3 | vanadium tribromide tribromovanadium vanadium bromide vanadium bromide mesh black powder vanadium(III) bromide |
| VC | vanadium(IV) carbide vanadium carbidevanadium carbide (1:1) |
| VCl2 | vanadium(II) chloride dichlorovanadium vanadium dichloride |
| VCl3 | vanadium trichloride trichlorovanadium vanadium chloridevanadium chloride anhydrous vanadium(III) chloride |
| VCl4 | vanadium tetrachloride tetrachlorovanadium vanadium chloridevanadium(IV) chloride |
| VF3 | vanadium trifluoride vanadium(3)fluoride vanadium fluoride vanadium(III) fluoride |
| VF4 | vanadium(IV) fluoride vanadium tetrafluoride vanadium fluoride |
