81
Tl
Thallium
204.38
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Descriptive Numbers
Mass
Periodic Position
Classification
Abundance
Color
Atomic Radius
Temperature
Density
Heat
Speed of Sound
Electrical Resistance
Magnetic Properties
Elasticity
Hardness
Etymology
Discovery & Isolation
Production & Use
Radioactivity
Electron Affinity
Dipole Polarity
Lattice
Electron & Quantum
List of Compounds
Basic Information
Bohr Model
Static
Interactive
Descriptive Numbers
CAS Number
7440-28-0
CID Number
CID5359464
DOT Number
1707
RTECS Number
RTECSXG3425000
Mendeleev Number
85
Pettifor Number
78
Space Group Number
194
Glawe Number
81
Mass
Atomic Mass
204.38 Da
Periodic Position
X Position
13
Y Position
6
Period
6
Group
13
Classification
Block
p
Category
Post Transition Metal
Goldschmidt
Chalcophilic
Electrical Type
Conductive
Abundance
Urban Soil
0.0011 mg/kg
Seawater
1.9e-11 kg/L
Sun
2e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Earth Crust
8.5e-7 g
Solar System
1.9e-7 mole ratio to silicon
Meteorites
0.0000079 %
Color
Jmol
#A6544D
Molcas Gv
#A6544D
CPK
#FF1493
Atomic Radius
Empirical
190
Calculated
156
Van Der Waals
196
Bonding
196
Batsanov
220
Rahm
242
Uff
434.7
Mm3
259
Alvarez
247
Bragg
190
Covalent (Single Bound)
148
Covalent (Triple Bound)
150
Covalent (Cordero)
145
Covalent (Pyykko)
144
Covalent (Pyykko Double)
142
Covalent (Pyykko Triple)
150
Mendeleev
144
C12
160
Metallic
170
Temperature
Melting/Freeze (USE)
577 °K
Melting/Freeze (WEL)
577 °K
Melting/Freeze (CRC)
577 °K
Melting/Freeze (LNG)
576.5 °K
Boiling/Density (USE)
1746 °K
Boiling/Density (WEL)
1746 °K
Boiling/Density (CRC)
1746 °K
Boiling/Density (LNG)
1730 °K
Boiling/Density (Zhang)
1733 °K
Superconducting Point
2.38 °K
Density
STP
11.85 kg/cm³
Solid (WEL)
11850 kg/cm³
Solid (CRC)
11800 kg/cm³
Solid (LNG)
11850 kg/cm³
Liquid (CR2)
11220 kg/cm³
Heat
Molar Volume
17.22 cm³/mol
Atomic Volume
17.2 cm³
Heat Of Fusion USE
4.31 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion CRC
4.14 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion LNG
4.14 kJ/mol
Heat Of Fusion WEL
4.2 kJ/mol
Evaporation USE
162.4 kJ/mol
Evaporation LNG
165 kJ/mol
Evaporation WEL
165 kJ/mol
Evaporation Zhang
162 kJ/mol
Molar Heat
26.32 J/molK
Heat Capacity USE
0.128 J/gK
Heat Capacity CRC
26.32 J/gK
Heat Capacity LNG
26.32 J/gK
Heat Capacity WEL
26.3 J/gK
Thermal Conductivity
46.1 W/m*K
Thermal Expansion
0.0000299 1/K
Adiabatic Index
N/A
Speed of Sound
Extensional
818 m/s
Electrical Resistance
273k
150 nΩm
293k
180 nΩm
Magnetic Properties
Order
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
-3e-9 m3/kg
Elasticity
Shear Modulus
2.8 GPa
Bulk Modulus
43 GPa
Poisson Ratio
0.45 ν
Youngs Modulus
8 GPa
Hardness
Mohs
1.2
Brinell
26.5–44.7
Etymology
Description
Unreacted, pure thallium has a silvery-white metallic luster. When it reacts with air, it turns bluish-gray and looks like lead. It has an extremely malleable structure and can be cut with a knife. It has two stable isotopes and four radioisotopes. TI-204 is the most stable with a half-life of 3.78 years. Thallium sulfate has been used as a rodenticide. The conductivity of thallium sulfide changes with exposure to infrared light. That's why it is used in infrared detectors. It was discovered by Sir William Crookes with the help of spectroscopy. Its name comes from the Greek word thallos, meaning "green branch". Thallium and its compounds are poisonous and can cause cancer.
Language Of Origin
Greek
Origin Of Word
From the Greek word thallos, meaning "green branch" or "green shoot"
Meaning
green shoot/twig
Symbol Origin
descriptive
Etymological Description
It comes from the Greek word thallos, meaning "green shoot (branch)". It emits light green spectrum lines.
Discovery & Isolation
Observed/Predicted By
W. Crookes
Observed/Discovery Year
1861
Discovery Location
Isolated Sample By
C.-A. Lamy
Isolated Sample Year
1862
Production & Use
Sources
Iron is found in pyrites. Croquesite, hutehinsot and lorandite are also encountered. Most of it is obtained from by-products of lead and zinc refining.
Uses
Its compounds are used in mouse and ant poisons. It is also used to detect infrared radiation.
Radioactivity
Half Life
Stable
Lifetime
Stable
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0006
Neutron Cross Section
3.4
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity (eV)
0.377
Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
36.4
Electron Affinity (pauling)
1.62
Electron Affinity (ghosh)
0.173447
Dipole Polarity
Accepted
50
Uncertainty
2
C6 GB
509
Lattice
Constant Internal Default Radius
3.46
Strucutre
HEX
Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Electron & Quantum
Oxidation States
−5,−2,−1,1,2,3
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1
Quantum Number
2b1/a
Electron Configuration Semantic
[Rook] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Shells-0
2
Shells-1
8
Shells-2
18
Shells-3
32
Shells-4
18
Shells-5
3
Ionization Energies-0
589.4
Ionization Energies-1
1971
Ionization Energies-2
2878
List of Compounds
1-10 of 48 compounds
| Formula | Names |
|---|---|
| Tl | thallium thallium metal |
| Tl3As | thallium(I)arsenide arsenic; thallium |
| TlBr | thallium(I) bromide bromothallium thallium bromide thallium monobromide thallous bromide |
| TlCl | thallium chloride chlorothallium thallium(1+) chloride thallium(I) chloride thallous chloride |
| Cl3Tl | thallium(III) chloride |
| TlF | thallium(I) fluoride fluorothallium thallium fluoride thallium monofluoride thallous fluoride |
| TlF3 | thallium(III)fluoride trifluorothallane |
| TlI | thallium(I)iodide iodothallium thallium iodidethallium monoiodide thallous iodide |
| OTl2 | thallium(I) oxide |
| Tl2O3 | thallium(III)oxide keto-ketothallanyloxy-thallane oxo-oxothallanyloxythallane |
